Manuscripts should be prepared using accepted word-processing software, and the text should be double-spaced in single-column format. All pages should be numbered consecutively starting with the title page. A standard font of 10 points or greater should be used.

The various sections of the manuscript should be assembled in the following sequence:

The title page should include:

Title should be centered on full width of the first page with spacing; one extra line from page top to title and one extra line form title to author(s). The font used for title is 14 point Times New Roman (or equivalent typeface).
Author name(s) and affiliation(s) are also centered on full width of page. One extra line should be inserted from author name(s) and affiliation(s).

Abstract of no more than 200 words should open the paper. Abstract should not refer to tables, figures and references that appear in the body of manuscript.
List five to ten keywords, with lower case initials except for proper nouns, on a separate line below abstract.

First level is set to 10 point boldface Times New Roman, and 2nd level normal-face. Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.

SI units should be used in text, figures and tables.

All mathematical expressions should be included in the manuscript. Care should be taken to distinguish between capital and lowercase letters, between zero (0) and the letter (O), between the numerical (1) and the letter (l), etc. Mathematical expressions should fit into a single column. Equations that might extend beyond the width of one column (fractions that should not be broken or long expressions enclosed in parentheses) should be rephrased to go on two or more lines within column width.

Fractional powers are preferred to root signs. The solidus ( / ) should be used instead of the horizontal line for fractions whenever possible. Consecutive numbers to identity mathematical expressions should be enclosed in parentheses. Refer to equations in the text as "Eq.(1),"etc., or "Equation(1)," etc., at the beginning of a sentence. All symbols should be in italic letters.

It is strongly recommended that mathematical expressions are typed by Microsoft Equation Editor or Mathtype (Design Science Inc.).

All figures are to be numbered using Arabic numerals. Figures should always be cited in text in consecutive numerical order. Figure parts should be denoted by lowercase letters (a, b, c, etc.).
Each figure should have a concise caption describing accurately what the figure depicts. Include the captions in the text file of the manuscript, not in the figure file. Figure captions begin with the term Fig., followed by the figure number.

For the best quality final product, it is highly recommended that you submit all of your graphics, such as photographs, line drawings, etc. - in an electronic format. Your graphics will then be produced to the highest standards with the greatest accuracy to detail. The published work will directly reflect the quality of the graphics provided.

For vector graphics, the preferred format is EPS; for halftones, please use TIFF format. MS Office files are also acceptable. Vector graphics containing fonts must have the fonts embedded in the files.

Name your figure files with "Fig" and the figure number, e.g., Fig1.eps.

Following resolutions are targets for graphics in the journal: the graphic for 600dpi resolution for line art, 264 dpi for halftones, and 600 dpi for combinations (line art + halftone).

Final published size: single-column illustration = 80 mm (width), 220 mm (maximum length); two-column illustration (full page width) = 170mm width, 220 mm (maximum length).

Avoid submitting illustrations containing small axes with oversized labels.

Ensure that line weights will be 0.5 point or greater in the final published size. Line weights below 0.5 points will reproduce poorly.

All tables should be numbered consecutively and have a caption consisting of the table number and a brief title. This number should be used when referring to the table in text.

Tables may be inserted as part of the text, or included on a separate page immediately following of as close as possible to its first reference --- with the exception of those tables included at the end of the paper as an appendix.

Final published size: Single-column table = 80 mm (width), 220 mm (maximum length); Two-column table (full page width) = 170 mm width, 220 mm (maximum length).

All bibliographical references should be numbered and listed at the end of the manuscript in a section called "References". References should be typed in the format of JAST and referenced in the text by numbers in square brackets. The superscript numbers and close bracket appear inside the punctuation if the citation applies to a whole sentence or clause [1]. When more than one reference is cited in one place, separate the numbers by commas without spaces [2,3].

If you refer to journal papers in serial publications, reference list should include: author(s), full title of the cited article in quotes (title capitalization), full name of the publication in which it appears, volume number (if any), issue number (if any), year of publication and inclusive page numbers of the cited article.

[1]	Nishikawa, H. and Kaneta, M., "Stribeck Friction Curve in Point EHL Contacts," Tribology Online, 1, 1, 2006, 1-4.
[2]	Collin, A. B. and Fake, D. E., "In Situ Studies of Wear Process", ASME Journal of Tribology, 120, 3, 1995, 513-519.
[3]	Kano, M., "Super Low Friction of DLC Applied to Engine Cam Follower Lubricated with Ester-Containing Oil," Tribology International, 39, 12, 2006, 1682-1685.

If you refer to proceedings of academic conferences, reference list should include: author(s), full title of the cited article in quotes (title capitalization), full name of the proceeding in which it appears, location, volume number (if any), year of publication and inclusive page numbers of the cited article.

[4]	Akita, M. "Investigation of the Degradation of Solid Lubricants Exposed to Atomic Oxygen", Proc. International Tribology Conference Yokohama 1995, 1, 1996, 235-241.

If you refer to textbooks or monographs, reference list should include: author(s), full title of the publication, publisher, location, year of publication and inclusive page numbers of the work being cited.

[5]	Johnson, K. L., “Contact Mechanics,” Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1985, 299.

If you refer to industrial standard, reference list should include: the number of the standard and year of publication.

[6]	ISO 14040, 1997.

If the title of the reference is not written in English, authors are required to translate them into English and indicate the original language in which the paper has been written, at the end of the list such as "(in Japanese)".

[7]	Suzuki, T., Ogawa, K. and Hotta, S., "Influence of Oxidized and Nonmartensitic Layer, and Surface Roughness on Pitting Fatigue Strength of Carburized Steel," Transactions of JSME, Series C, 64, 622, 1998, 2199-2204 (In Japanese).
[8]	Hachiaya, K. and Nitta, T., "Relationship between Friction Coefficient, Viscosity and Compressibility of Polyethylene Glycol," Proc. JAST Tribology Conference, Saga, September 2007, 243-244(in Japanese).

Unpublished works (including papers not yet submitted or not yet published) should be avoided. It is recommended that contributors cite articles published in Tribology Online, if possible.